Human, almost human: how many human species are there?
نویسندگان
چکیده
La question "combien y a-t-il d’espèces humaines" ouvre sans doute à d’interminables débats. Laissant de côté les aspects théologiques ou politiques la question, nous analysons trois dimensions du problème avec une approche fois épistémologique et historique : métaphysique, biologique technique. Sur le plan revenons aux travaux Linné Buffon pour explorer ce qui est en jeu dès lors que l’on suppose "l’humain" désigne non pas espèce mais un genre, genre comprend plus d’une espèce. Nous explorons également difficulté qu’il a donner critère physique (anatomique) reconnaissance l’humain faut-il s’appuyer davantage sur main, cerveau l’usage d’outils ? De plus, choix des divisions taxinomiques dénominations adoptées font aussi polémique. Elles traduisent souvent croyances implicites anthropologues, par exemple l’être humain couronnement l’évolution primates. biologique, dénombrement espèces problématique dans mesure où concept d’"espèce" ne seulement taxons, rang taxinomique (par opposition "variété"). Les taxinomistes se partagent rituellement entre "agglomérants" (visant réduire au maximum nombre d’espèces) "diviseurs" (n’hésitant promouvoir certaines sous-espèces d’espèces). Enfin, technique, nouvelles méthodes comme cladistique paléogénomique apportent outils prometteurs nouveaux résultats. Il paraît cependant improbable qu’elles soient résoudre toutes difficultés liées classification humaines. Ainsi humaines ?", si passionnante soit-elle, vouée rester réponse nécessairement ouverte infiniment débattue.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Cahiers Du Centre De Recherches Anthropologiques
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['0037-8984', '1777-5469']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/bmsap.10173